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A
Agaoglu /Agayev/, Ahmed bey
B. 1869, Shusha, Azerbaijan - d. 1939, Ankara, Turkey.
Prominent educator, journalist, public figure. One of the first advocates for the rights of women in Azerbaijan. Founder of the "Difai" (Defender) organization (1905-06) to protect civilian population from Armenian Dashnak (Chetnik) paramilitaries. Deputy speaker of the Parliament during Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918-1920). Close advisor to Ataturk, founder of modern Turkey. [In detail]
Agayev, Faraj bey
B. 1811, Shusha - d. 1891, Tbilisi.
A military commander, first Azeri lieutenant-general in the Russian Army. Served in the Emperor's Guard, commanded Ossetian and Shushavian cavalry regiments, participated in Russo-Caucasian (1850s) and Russo-Turkish wars (1878). [In detail]
Amirov, Fikret
B. 1922, Ganje - d. 1984, Baku.
Great Azerbaijanian composer, who along with U.Hajibeyov and Gara Garayev is considered to be the most significant contributors to the Azerbaijan classical music. Author of the first symphonic mugams - a unique genre of the Azeri classical music. [In detail]
Asad oglu, Mirza Sadikh
See, Sadikhjan.
B. 1869, Shusha, Azerbaijan - d. 1939, Ankara, Turkey.
Prominent educator, journalist, public figure. One of the first advocates for the rights of women in Azerbaijan. Founder of the "Difai" (Defender) organization (1905-06) to protect civilian population from Armenian Dashnak (Chetnik) paramilitaries. Deputy speaker of the Parliament during Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918-1920). Close advisor to Ataturk, founder of modern Turkey. [In detail]
Agayev, Faraj bey
B. 1811, Shusha - d. 1891, Tbilisi.
A military commander, first Azeri lieutenant-general in the Russian Army. Served in the Emperor's Guard, commanded Ossetian and Shushavian cavalry regiments, participated in Russo-Caucasian (1850s) and Russo-Turkish wars (1878). [In detail]
Amirov, Fikret
B. 1922, Ganje - d. 1984, Baku.
Great Azerbaijanian composer, who along with U.Hajibeyov and Gara Garayev is considered to be the most significant contributors to the Azerbaijan classical music. Author of the first symphonic mugams - a unique genre of the Azeri classical music. [In detail]
Asad oglu, Mirza Sadikh
See, Sadikhjan.
Bazarbashy
One of Shusha's major squares, where "Culture House" and District Executive Council buildings were located. For details, see Rastabazar.
Bül-bül /Mamedov, Murtuza/
B. 1897, Khanbagi v., Shusha - d. 1961, Baku.
Famous vocalist, performer of opera and folk music. One of the founders of professional vocal arts and national musical theatre. B-b. was also a music educator and author of the first manuals for teaching play on various national musical instruments. [In detail]
Bülbülcan
See, Zulalov, Abdulbagi
One of Shusha's major squares, where "Culture House" and District Executive Council buildings were located. For details, see Rastabazar.
Bül-bül /Mamedov, Murtuza/
B. 1897, Khanbagi v., Shusha - d. 1961, Baku.
Famous vocalist, performer of opera and folk music. One of the founders of professional vocal arts and national musical theatre. B-b. was also a music educator and author of the first manuals for teaching play on various national musical instruments. [In detail]
Bülbülcan
See, Zulalov, Abdulbagi
Cidir Düzü /Djydyr Duzu/
Means "Racing field" in Azeri, because in holidays various festivities, most notably, horse racings used to be organized in this field. It is considered to be Shusha's most famous natural sightseeing. It opens a breathtaking view from the mountain top where Shusha is located to the Topkhana forest in the opposite mountain and down to the Dashalty river and further to the Karabakh mountains. For pictures, refer to Gallery section, photos no. "01" and "01b"
Chamanzaminli, Yousif Vezir
B. 1887, Shusha, Azerbaijan - d. 1943, Siberia, Russia.
Prominent writer and public figure. Author of many novels with detailed description of 19th c and early 20th c. Karabakh life. Possibly, the author of world-wide famous love story "Ali and Nino". Ch. was also first ambassador of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918-1920) to Turkey. [In detail]
Means "Racing field" in Azeri, because in holidays various festivities, most notably, horse racings used to be organized in this field. It is considered to be Shusha's most famous natural sightseeing. It opens a breathtaking view from the mountain top where Shusha is located to the Topkhana forest in the opposite mountain and down to the Dashalty river and further to the Karabakh mountains. For pictures, refer to Gallery section, photos no. "01" and "01b"
Chamanzaminli, Yousif Vezir
B. 1887, Shusha, Azerbaijan - d. 1943, Siberia, Russia.
Prominent writer and public figure. Author of many novels with detailed description of 19th c and early 20th c. Karabakh life. Possibly, the author of world-wide famous love story "Ali and Nino". Ch. was also first ambassador of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918-1920) to Turkey. [In detail]
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Farhad bey (of Karabakh)
Lived in the first half of the 19th c.
F.b. was deputy commander of the first Karabakh (and Azeri) cavalry regiment within the Russian Army and fought in the Russo-Turkish war in 1828-1829. He became immortalized in a verse by great Russian poet A.S.Pushkin. [In detail]
Lived in the first half of the 19th c.
F.b. was deputy commander of the first Karabakh (and Azeri) cavalry regiment within the Russian Army and fought in the Russo-Turkish war in 1828-1829. He became immortalized in a verse by great Russian poet A.S.Pushkin. [In detail]
Garyagdy, Jabbar
B. 1861, Shusha - d. 1944.
Famous mugam and folk music singer, considered to be the best Azeri mugam singer of his time. Educator, one of the founders of Azerbaijan State Conservatoire. [In detail]
Govhar Aga mosques
Two XVIII-XIX cc. mosques, Upper and Lower Govharagas, named after Govhar Aga, the daughter of Ibrahim Khalil khan of Karabakh (r. 1763-1806). Upper mosque is considered the cathedral mosque of Shusha. It was originally built in 1768 by Ibrahim Khalil khan, and later in 1883 rebuilt by Kerbalai Safikhan Garabagi. For pictures of the Upper and Lower Govharaga, see Gallery photos no. 02-19.
B. 1861, Shusha - d. 1944.
Famous mugam and folk music singer, considered to be the best Azeri mugam singer of his time. Educator, one of the founders of Azerbaijan State Conservatoire. [In detail]
Govhar Aga mosques
Two XVIII-XIX cc. mosques, Upper and Lower Govharagas, named after Govhar Aga, the daughter of Ibrahim Khalil khan of Karabakh (r. 1763-1806). Upper mosque is considered the cathedral mosque of Shusha. It was originally built in 1768 by Ibrahim Khalil khan, and later in 1883 rebuilt by Kerbalai Safikhan Garabagi. For pictures of the Upper and Lower Govharaga, see Gallery photos no. 02-19.
Hagverdiyev, Abdulrehim bey
B. 1870, Shusha - d. 1933, Baku.
Well-known playwright, prose-writer, literary scientist. H. was also one of the active writers for the famous "Molla Nasreddin" satirical magazine. [In detail]
Hajibeyov, Kniaz
See, Niyazi.
Hajibeyov, Uzeyir
B. 1885, Agdjabedi - d. 1948, Baku.
Great Azerbaijanian composer, the founder of the Azerbaijan Classical Music, national opera ("Leyli and Majnun", 1908), national anthem (1919) and many famous operas and musicals. His musical comedy "Arshin Mal Alan" (1913) is also considered the first musical H. is also the creator of the first modern-type music school in Azerbaijan (later transformed into State Conservatoire). [In detail]
B. 1870, Shusha - d. 1933, Baku.
Well-known playwright, prose-writer, literary scientist. H. was also one of the active writers for the famous "Molla Nasreddin" satirical magazine. [In detail]
Hajibeyov, Kniaz
See, Niyazi.
Hajibeyov, Uzeyir
B. 1885, Agdjabedi - d. 1948, Baku.
Great Azerbaijanian composer, the founder of the Azerbaijan Classical Music, national opera ("Leyli and Majnun", 1908), national anthem (1919) and many famous operas and musicals. His musical comedy "Arshin Mal Alan" (1913) is also considered the first musical H. is also the creator of the first modern-type music school in Azerbaijan (later transformed into State Conservatoire). [In detail]
Isa bulag /Isa bulağı/
Means "Isa /Jesus'/ spring" in Azeri. One of Shusha's most famous resort and recreation places, situated in a mountain forest near a spring famous for its exceptionaly clean and ever-cold water. It was favorite place for picnics for the locals and tourists.
Ibrahim Khalil khan Javanshir
Second ruler of the Karabakh khanate (r. 1758 or 1763-1806), under whom the Karabakh khanate became one of the strongests state formations in 18th c. Azerbaijan.
Means "Isa /Jesus'/ spring" in Azeri. One of Shusha's most famous resort and recreation places, situated in a mountain forest near a spring famous for its exceptionaly clean and ever-cold water. It was favorite place for picnics for the locals and tourists.
Ibrahim Khalil khan Javanshir
Second ruler of the Karabakh khanate (r. 1758 or 1763-1806), under whom the Karabakh khanate became one of the strongests state formations in 18th c. Azerbaijan.
Javanshir/Djavanshir/
A local Karabakh clan, whom the khans of Karabakh and many of the Karabakh nobility belonged.
A local Karabakh clan, whom the khans of Karabakh and many of the Karabakh nobility belonged.
Karabakh horse
A mountain-steppe racing and riding horse, named after the Karabakh region where it developed. Has close links to Arabian horse, Central Asian Akhal-Teke and Turkoman breed in Iran. [In detail]
Karabakh khanate
A feudal state formation that existed between 1748-1822 in the territory of wider Karabakh area, comprising mountainous and lowland parts. Shusha was built in 1750s as a capital of this feudal state. For details, refer to "History of Karabakh" section.
Kazanchetsots Cathedral
Major Armenian church in Shusha, and in all of Karabakh built in 1860s. For pictures, see Gallery section photos no. 47-52.
Khan
A title for the feudal lords in Azerbaijan. In 18th-19th cc. Azerbaijan was divided into numerous small state formations, whose rulers were called khans and their independent and semi-independent states were called khanates.
Kocharli, Firidoun bey
B. 1863, Shusha - d. 1920, Ganje.
Prominent writer, literary critic, literature historian, teacher and public figure. Strived for the clarity of the Azerbaijanian literary language. Author of many poems and stories for children. [In detail]
Karabakh province (of the Russian Empire)
An administrative unit governed by a Russian governor that existed between 1822-1840 following the abolition of the Karabakh khanate (1822) and comprising the territories of the latter. In 1840 a new administrative division was introduced and most of the territory of the province was included in Yelizavetpol goubernia (with center at Yelizavetpol - Ganje). This division preserved until 1923 when the Mountainous (Nagorno-)Karabakh Autonomous Region was formed.
A mountain-steppe racing and riding horse, named after the Karabakh region where it developed. Has close links to Arabian horse, Central Asian Akhal-Teke and Turkoman breed in Iran. [In detail]
Karabakh khanate
A feudal state formation that existed between 1748-1822 in the territory of wider Karabakh area, comprising mountainous and lowland parts. Shusha was built in 1750s as a capital of this feudal state. For details, refer to "History of Karabakh" section.
Kazanchetsots Cathedral
Major Armenian church in Shusha, and in all of Karabakh built in 1860s. For pictures, see Gallery section photos no. 47-52.
Khan
A title for the feudal lords in Azerbaijan. In 18th-19th cc. Azerbaijan was divided into numerous small state formations, whose rulers were called khans and their independent and semi-independent states were called khanates.
Kocharli, Firidoun bey
B. 1863, Shusha - d. 1920, Ganje.
Prominent writer, literary critic, literature historian, teacher and public figure. Strived for the clarity of the Azerbaijanian literary language. Author of many poems and stories for children. [In detail]
Karabakh province (of the Russian Empire)
An administrative unit governed by a Russian governor that existed between 1822-1840 following the abolition of the Karabakh khanate (1822) and comprising the territories of the latter. In 1840 a new administrative division was introduced and most of the territory of the province was included in Yelizavetpol goubernia (with center at Yelizavetpol - Ganje). This division preserved until 1923 when the Mountainous (Nagorno-)Karabakh Autonomous Region was formed.
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Mahalla
Means "[town] quarter" in Azeri. By this name Azeris have traditionally called their quarters in the Azeri part of the town. Before 1920 there were 17 Azeri mahallas in Shusha, and 12 Armenian quarters. For details, see "History of Shusha", "19th century" section.
Malikov, Grigor Bala oglu
B. 1859, Shusha, - d. 1929.
Azerbaijanian musician of Armenian origin. Prominent tar player, who accompanied many famous Azeri mugam singers. [In detail]
Mamedov, Khalil
B. 1916, Shusha - d. 1989, Baku.
World War II hero, awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union. [In detail]
Mamedov, Murtuza
See, Bül-bül
Mehmandarov, Samed bey
B. 1856, Lenkoran, - d. 1931, Baku.
Prominent military commander, lieutenant-general of the Russian and Azerbaijan Armies. M. distinguished himself in the Russo-Japanese war (1904-1905) and in the World War I. M/ was the first minister of defence of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918-1920). [In detail]
Meydan
Means "square" in Azeri. Shusha's main square. See, Rastabazar for details.
Mountainous (Nagorno-)Karabakh Autonomous Region
Also referred shortly as NKAR, MKAR, NKAO (where "O" stands for "oblast"- Russian for "region"). A predominantly Armenian autonomous unit within Azerbaijan that existed between 1923-1991 with regional capital in Stepanakert (pre-1923 name was Khankendi). [In detail]
Mugam
Also referred as mugham, mogham, mukam etc., an original improvisational classical folk music popular in Azerbaijan, Iran, and parts of Caucasus and Central Asia.
Natavan(-Usmiyeva), Khurshud Banu
B. 1830, Shusha - d. 1897, Shusha.
Famous 19th c. lyrical poetess, most notable for her ghazals (lyrical verses). Founder of the first literary society in Azerbaijan ("Majlis-i-Uns"). Also prominent philanthropist, who laid the first water-pipe to Shusha in 1871 and the owner of the largest and best stud of Karabakh stallions in 19th c., which received highest awards in a number of international exhibitions. [In detail]
Navvab, Mir-Movsoum
B. 1833, Shusha - d. 1918, Shusha.
Well-known 19th c. poet, artist, music historian and scientist. Creator of the first typography in Shusha, as well as in Azerbaijan. Founder of the first music society ("Majlis-i-Khanendeh") and also the second literary society ("Majlis-i-Faramushan") in Azerbaijan. [In detail]
Niyazi /Hajibeyov, Kniaz/
B. 1912, Tbilisi - d. 1984, Baku.
Famous musical conductor, composer, author of the famous symphonic mugam "Rast". [In detail]
B. 1830, Shusha - d. 1897, Shusha.
Famous 19th c. lyrical poetess, most notable for her ghazals (lyrical verses). Founder of the first literary society in Azerbaijan ("Majlis-i-Uns"). Also prominent philanthropist, who laid the first water-pipe to Shusha in 1871 and the owner of the largest and best stud of Karabakh stallions in 19th c., which received highest awards in a number of international exhibitions. [In detail]
Navvab, Mir-Movsoum
B. 1833, Shusha - d. 1918, Shusha.
Well-known 19th c. poet, artist, music historian and scientist. Creator of the first typography in Shusha, as well as in Azerbaijan. Founder of the first music society ("Majlis-i-Khanendeh") and also the second literary society ("Majlis-i-Faramushan") in Azerbaijan. [In detail]
Niyazi /Hajibeyov, Kniaz/
B. 1912, Tbilisi - d. 1984, Baku.
Famous musical conductor, composer, author of the famous symphonic mugam "Rast". [In detail]
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Panahabad
Literally means "town of Panah". Original name given to Shusha by Panah Ali khan Javanshir, the founder of the Karabakh khanate and its capital Shusha. The town was later renamed to Shusha by Ibrahim Khalil khan, his son.
Pirimov, Gurban
B. 1880, Gulably v. - d. 1965, Baku.
Famous tar player whom belongs the record of professional play on this instrument - 70 years. [In detail]
Literally means "town of Panah". Original name given to Shusha by Panah Ali khan Javanshir, the founder of the Karabakh khanate and its capital Shusha. The town was later renamed to Shusha by Ibrahim Khalil khan, his son.
Pirimov, Gurban
B. 1880, Gulably v. - d. 1965, Baku.
Famous tar player whom belongs the record of professional play on this instrument - 70 years. [In detail]
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Rastabazar
Shusha's major street linking two central town squares called "Bazarbashy" (where 'Culture House' and old Caravansarai building was situated) and "Meydan" (where Upper Govharaga and Bazaar building is situated). The photo of the street per ce is unavailable at the moment, however, photos of "Meydan"square from various perspectives are available (see Gallery photos no. 02, 04-06, 44), as well as the photos of "Bazarbashy" square (55, 56, 78, 80-82).
Shusha's major street linking two central town squares called "Bazarbashy" (where 'Culture House' and old Caravansarai building was situated) and "Meydan" (where Upper Govharaga and Bazaar building is situated). The photo of the street per ce is unavailable at the moment, however, photos of "Meydan"square from various perspectives are available (see Gallery photos no. 02, 04-06, 44), as well as the photos of "Bazarbashy" square (55, 56, 78, 80-82).
Sadikhjan /Mirza Sadikh Asad oglu/
B. 1846, Shusha - d. 1902, Shusha.
Famous musician, creator of the present-day tar, most revered Azeri musical instrument, for which he is often referred as "father of tar". S. is also known as an author of some parts of Azeri mugams. [In detail]
Shushinsky, Khan /Javanshirov, Isfandiyar/
B. 1901, Shusha - d. 1979, Baku.
Famous folk music and mugam singer (khanendeh). Author of many famous folk-type songs ("Shushanin daghlary", Menden gen gezme" etc). [In detail]
Shushinsky, Seyid
B. 1889, Horadiz - d. 1965, Baku.
Famous folk music and mugam singer (khanendeh), who have significantly influenced the formation and development of contemporary Azeri mugams. [In detail]
Stepanyan, Nelson
B. 1913, Shusha - d. 1944.
Prominent Armenian World War II hero, military aviator. S. is the only person from Karabakh to be twice awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union, second time, posthumously. [In detail]
Sultanov, Khosrov bey
A governor-general of Karabakh under the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918-1920). During his governorship (1919-1920) Karabakh's de facto belonging to Azerbaijan was recognized by the Entente Allies.
B. 1846, Shusha - d. 1902, Shusha.
Famous musician, creator of the present-day tar, most revered Azeri musical instrument, for which he is often referred as "father of tar". S. is also known as an author of some parts of Azeri mugams. [In detail]
Shushinsky, Khan /Javanshirov, Isfandiyar/
B. 1901, Shusha - d. 1979, Baku.
Famous folk music and mugam singer (khanendeh). Author of many famous folk-type songs ("Shushanin daghlary", Menden gen gezme" etc). [In detail]
Shushinsky, Seyid
B. 1889, Horadiz - d. 1965, Baku.
Famous folk music and mugam singer (khanendeh), who have significantly influenced the formation and development of contemporary Azeri mugams. [In detail]
Stepanyan, Nelson
B. 1913, Shusha - d. 1944.
Prominent Armenian World War II hero, military aviator. S. is the only person from Karabakh to be twice awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union, second time, posthumously. [In detail]
Sultanov, Khosrov bey
A governor-general of Karabakh under the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918-1920). During his governorship (1919-1920) Karabakh's de facto belonging to Azerbaijan was recognized by the Entente Allies.
Tar
A musical instrument used in slighly differing shapes and forms in Caucasus, Iran and Central Asia. Tar is a central musical instrument when performing most of the Azeri folk music, as well as mugams. Contemporary tar was created by Sadikhjan, who also established the style of performance in this musical instrument.
A musical instrument used in slighly differing shapes and forms in Caucasus, Iran and Central Asia. Tar is a central musical instrument when performing most of the Azeri folk music, as well as mugams. Contemporary tar was created by Sadikhjan, who also established the style of performance in this musical instrument.
Usmiyev, Khasay
Husband of Khurshud Banu Natavan, the daughter of Mehdi Guli-khan, the last ruler of Karabakh.
Husband of Khurshud Banu Natavan, the daughter of Mehdi Guli-khan, the last ruler of Karabakh.
Vagif, Molla Panah
B. 1717, Ashagi Salahli village - d. 1797, Shusha. Famous 18th c. poet, the founder of realism genre in Azeri poetry, especially notable for his goshmas, four-lined verses, which had significant impact on Azeri folklore and ashug folk music. Also was a prominent statesman, vizier of the Karabakh khanate, and one of the organizers of the defence of Shusha from the invasion of Iranian troops in 1795 and 1797. [In detail]
B. 1717, Ashagi Salahli village - d. 1797, Shusha. Famous 18th c. poet, the founder of realism genre in Azeri poetry, especially notable for his goshmas, four-lined verses, which had significant impact on Azeri folklore and ashug folk music. Also was a prominent statesman, vizier of the Karabakh khanate, and one of the organizers of the defence of Shusha from the invasion of Iranian troops in 1795 and 1797. [In detail]
Vezirov, Aslan
B. 1910, Shusha - d. 1988, Baku.
World War II hero, awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union. [In detail]
Vezirov, Najaf bey
B. 1854, Shusha - d. 1926.
Prominent playwright, founder of the realistic tragedy genre in the Azeri literature, also the first Azeri actor and the first feuilletonist. [In detail]
B. 1910, Shusha - d. 1988, Baku.
World War II hero, awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union. [In detail]
Vezirov, Najaf bey
B. 1854, Shusha - d. 1926.
Prominent playwright, founder of the realistic tragedy genre in the Azeri literature, also the first Azeri actor and the first feuilletonist. [In detail]
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Xaribülbül /Kharybulbul/
A unique flower grown naturally only in Shusha of all Azerbaijan and the Caucasus region. For Azeris, it symbolizes Shusha and Karabakh nature. For pictures, see last two Gallery photos "Xaribulbul" and "Xaribulbul2".
A unique flower grown naturally only in Shusha of all Azerbaijan and the Caucasus region. For Azeris, it symbolizes Shusha and Karabakh nature. For pictures, see last two Gallery photos "Xaribulbul" and "Xaribulbul2".
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Zakir, Gasim bey
B. 1784, Shusha - d. 1857, Shusha.
Prominent 19th c. poet, one of the founders of the critical realism genre and satirical trend in the Azeri literature. [In detail]
Zulalov, Abdulbagi
B. 1841, Shusha - d. 1927, Baku.
Well-known folk and mugam singer. Became especially famous beyond Azerbaijan for his performances of Azeri mugams in Persian, Armenian, Georgian and Lezgian. [In detail]
B. 1784, Shusha - d. 1857, Shusha.
Prominent 19th c. poet, one of the founders of the critical realism genre and satirical trend in the Azeri literature. [In detail]
Zulalov, Abdulbagi
B. 1841, Shusha - d. 1927, Baku.
Well-known folk and mugam singer. Became especially famous beyond Azerbaijan for his performances of Azeri mugams in Persian, Armenian, Georgian and Lezgian. [In detail]
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